Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates — The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is rapidly emerging as a focal point for naval drone technology, attracting vendors from around the globe eager to tap into the nation’s burgeoning interest in unmanned maritime systems. This surge is driven by the UAE’s strategic emphasis on autonomy to bolster its naval capabilities, addressing both manpower constraints and the need for advanced maritime surveillance.
Strategic Shift Towards Autonomy
The UAE’s naval branch, comprising approximately 3,000 active personnel, is the smallest among its armed forces. To mitigate manpower limitations and enhance operational efficiency, the UAE military has prioritized the integration of uncrewed maritime systems. This strategic pivot not only addresses personnel shortages but also positions the nation at the forefront of modern naval warfare technology. By deploying autonomous systems, the UAE seeks to strengthen its defensive capabilities, reduce operational costs, and enhance its maritime presence in the Gulf region.
International Vendors Eye Opportunities
The nation’s commitment to autonomous naval assets has made it an attractive market for international manufacturers of unmanned surface vessels (USVs) and underwater vehicles. At the recent International Defence Exhibition (IDEX) and Naval Defence Exhibition (NAVDEX) in Abu Dhabi, several cutting-edge platforms were unveiled, highlighting the latest advancements in naval drone technology.
One of the standout platforms presented at the exhibition was the WAM-V by Ocean Power Technologies. Dubbed the “pickup truck of the USV world,” this 22-foot vessel offers high utility and versatility. It can be equipped with various payloads, including underwater sonar for anti-submarine warfare and mine detection. Having been previously deployed by the U.S. Navy in Bahrain as part of Task Force 59, its adaptability makes it a strong contender for the UAE’s diverse maritime needs.
Another notable entry was the DV10 Interceptor, a collaborative effort between Abu Dhabi Ship Building, Steer AI, the Technology Innovation Institute, and Edge. The DV10 is a 10.2-meter optionally-manned interceptor capable of being armed with remote weapon stations of varying calibers. It boasts swarming capabilities, allowing coordinated operations with multiple vessels. This feature is crucial in modern naval warfare, where autonomous units need to function seamlessly as part of a networked fleet.
Local Innovations and Collaborations
Emirati companies are not merely passive recipients of foreign technology; they are actively developing indigenous solutions and forging strategic partnerships. One of the most notable players in this sector is Arzanah, an Abu Dhabi-based firm that showcased two unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) at IDEX 2025.
The first of these, Al Kasir, is a 3-meter-long UUV designed for underwater intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). Featuring a modular structure and AI-based autonomous navigation, it has a 50-hour endurance, making it a valuable asset for extended underwater missions. Equipped with electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) cameras and sonar sensors, it is expected to be delivered to the UAE Navy by September 2025.
The second, Ghawwas, is an 11-meter large unmanned underwater combat vehicle (LUUCV) designed for offensive operations. With dual propulsion systems and advanced situational awareness capabilities, Ghawwas represents a significant leap in the UAE’s ability to field combat-ready autonomous underwater assets. The prototype is currently under construction, with delivery expected in September 2026.
Beyond underwater systems, the UAE is also strengthening its presence in unmanned ground and maritime systems. In January 2024, Milanion’s UAE entity signed a memorandum of understanding with Al Seer Marine to develop, promote, and sell unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) under the “Made in UAE” initiative. This collaboration aims to offer customizable solutions for both land and maritime domains, reflecting the UAE’s commitment to indigenous defense manufacturing.
Regional Geopolitical Implications
The UAE’s investment in naval drones occurs within a complex regional security landscape. As tensions in the Gulf persist, nations are turning to unmanned systems to bolster their defensive and offensive capabilities.
One of the key regional players making significant advancements in naval drone technology is Iran. The Iranian military recently unveiled the Shahid Beheshti, a drone carrier warship converted from an old cargo vessel. This ship features a 180-meter runway, missiles, and unmanned submarines, enhancing Iran’s maritime drone capabilities. The vessel’s operational range and ability to coordinate multiple UAVs signify a notable boost in Iran’s defense strategy, raising concerns among Gulf nations about shifting power dynamics in the region.
Turkey is another nation strengthening its naval drone capabilities. Turkey’s defense company STM showcased its naval platforms and tactical mini UAV systems at NAVDEX 2025. With a history of supplying advanced warships and unmanned systems, STM’s participation underscores Turkey’s role as a reliable partner for navies in the Gulf region. As a NATO ally with strong defense ties to multiple Middle Eastern nations, Turkey’s involvement in the UAE’s growing naval drone industry further highlights the increasing importance of autonomous maritime systems in regional defense strategies.
Future Prospects
The UAE’s proactive approach to integrating unmanned maritime systems positions it as a regional leader in naval innovation. By balancing foreign collaborations with domestic development, the nation is enhancing its defense capabilities while fostering technological self-reliance. This strategy ensures that the UAE remains at the cutting edge of naval warfare, leveraging artificial intelligence and automation to maximize operational effectiveness.
In the coming years, we can expect further advancements in naval drone technology as the UAE continues to expand its defense industry. The government’s commitment to increasing local production and reducing reliance on foreign suppliers is likely to result in a stronger and more independent defense sector. Additionally, as international tensions fluctuate, naval drones will play an increasingly crucial role in securing maritime borders, monitoring hostile activities, and conducting both defensive and offensive operations.
As geopolitical dynamics evolve, the UAE’s investments in naval drones will likely shape the future security architecture of the Gulf region. By remaining at the forefront of autonomous military technology, the country is not only strengthening its own defenses but also establishing itself as a key player in the global defense market.
